What do we really know about Mary, the
Sacred Mother
of Jesus?
Mary, the mother of Jesus, is depicted
in the gospels as someone of serious spiritual intuition. She’s also described
by God as “highly favored.” But the woman who conceived the Savior was of
humble origins, a person of limited education who followed a simple lifestyle.
Often promoted as a model of chastity and obedience as well as a figure of
authority & respect, Mary’s life is documented up to a point in Scripture,
but her later years are shrouded in mystery.
Mary was born c. 18 BCE, most likely in
Nazareth, Galilee. When Mary was 3 years old, she was given to service as a
consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem. She remained ensconced in the
temple until she was 12.
Mary was actually known as Miriam, after
the older sister of Moses. Her name in Arabic was Maryam.
Who
were Mary’s parents?
There are only 150 manuscripts that
refer to the parents of Mary, one of which is the Gospel of James. These
surviving documents tell us that her father was Saint Joachim and her mother
was Saint Anne.
Mary is believed to be a direct
descendant of Abraham, a figure revered by the three great monotheistic religions—Judaism,
Christianity and Islam.
According to the book of Luke, Mary was
visited by the angel Gabriel while she was engaged to be married to Joseph, a
carpenter. The angel told the young woman that she had found favor with God and
would give birth to His son. This is known as the Annunciation.
A birth was foretold. Puzzled,
Mary asked how this was possible, as she was still a virgin. The angel replied
that the Holy Spirit would impregnate her and that she would conceive a son
called Jesus.
Soon afterwards, Mary discovered that
she was pregnant. In Christianity, Mary is commonly referred to as the Virgin
Mary, in accordance with the belief that she was indeed impregnated by the Holy
Spirit.
Mary & Joseph, who was also obedient
to God and dissuaded from leaving her after he learned of the pregnancy, married
each other in Bethlehem. It was also in Bethlehem that Jesus Christ was born.
The
birth of Jesus
The birth of Jesus is only depicted in
two of the gospels, Matthew & Luke. In Galatians 4 of the New Testament,
reference is made to Jesus “born of a woman,” therefore confirming Jesus as
both human & divine & Mary as the mother.
Mary & Joseph eventually returned
home to Nazareth, where they lived quietly and for the most part, anonymously.
The Holy Family, the Child Jesus, the
Virgin Mary & Saint Joseph, probably lived in an extended family unit. The
couple had four more sons: Joseph, James, Jude & Simon. The last three
mentioned are not to be confused with those who were apostles of Jesus by the
same name. The Bible also tells us that Jesus had
sisters, but none are named.
Mary’s day life as the mother of Jesus would
have been largely spent undertaking domestic chores, things like collecting and
carrying water from a nearby well or stream and gathering wood for the fire.
Her household duties no doubt extended
to cooking meals and washing utensils and clothes, as well as keeping the home
clean and tidy.
Mary was probably illiterate sometimes
depicted in a literary setting, a hand on an open book or prayer sheet.
However, it’s doubtful that she knew how to read or write, since literacy was
extremely rare among women of the time.
Mariology was the theological study of
Mary. Mariologists pore over the life of the mother of Jesus in Scripture and
the development of doctrine pertaining to her life and mission.
Mary is believed by Catholics to have
been born without original sin. In fact, Mariology considers a view of Christ
and his role incomplete without reckoning with the part Mary had to play. How
is this so?
According to Roman Catholic Church
dogma, Mary was the Immaculate Conception, in other words, she was the only
person ever born without original sin. The Church argues that not once did Mary
contract the guilt of Adam’s original sin, his eating of forbidden fruit that
brought despair and death into the world.
But that all depends on how we read the
Bible and how Scripture is interpreted. In Luke 1:47, Mary says, “My soul
glorifies the Lord and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior.” Did Mary need
saving?
The argument goes that if Mary needed a
savior, she must have been a sinner and therefore couldn’t have been
immaculately conceived.
Is Mary the mother of Jesus or the
mother of God? The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Catholic, Anglican and
Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as mother of Jesus, is also the Mother of
God. But why?
When Mary is described as the mother of
God, it’s a reminder of the role she played in the salvation of the human race.
The description can also be interpreted as meaning that Mary conceived a person
within her womb and that person was the second divine person of the Trinity,
after the Father and the Holy Spirit.
Joseph died before Jesus’ public
ministry began. Mary, however, lived through the time of that ministry. We know
this through Mark 3:31 and John 2:1-12.
John 19:25-27 tells us that Mary, her
sister Mary, the wife of Clopas and Mary Magdalene were all present at Jesus’
crucifixion.
What happened to Mary after Jesus’
death? At that time of the crucifixion, Mary was probably close to 50 years
old. That’s well beyond the age most women in that epoch lived.
In Acts 1:12–26, rare appearance of Mary
is the only one referenced other than the 11 apostles to be mentioned by name
who lived in the upper room when they returned from the Mount of Olives. The
upper room, or cenacle, in Jerusalem is traditionally held to be the site of
the Last Supper.
There is no reference in Scripture to
tell us that Mary witnessed the Resurrection. The first woman to meet Jesus
after the Resurrection was another Mary, Mary Magdalene.
At a general audience on May 21, 1997,
Pope John Paul II offers an explanation declaring, “The gospels mention various
appearances of the risen Christ, but not a meeting between Jesus and his
Mother. This silence must not lead to the conclusion that after the
Resurrection Christ did not appear to Mary; rather it invites us to seek the
reasons.”
The account of Mary’s presence with the
apostles during the Pentecost –the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles
of Jesus while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks –is vague.
And after the Pentecost, Mary’s life effectively disappears from history.
The belief of most biblical scholars is
that Mary lived out her life in the company of the disciples. The truth is the
rest of her life, disappearing from history, is shrouded in legend.
Her death remains a mystery. It isn’t
known when Mary died and her passing is not recorded in the Scriptures. One
tradition says she died in 43 CE, another in 48 CE.
However, Orthodox tradition, tolerated
also by Catholics, has her first dying a natural death, known as the dormition
of Mary and then, soon after, the assumption of the virgin Mary’s body itself
also being taken into heaven.
Mary’s unwavering obedience to God as
well as the virgin birth led to her being revered in Christianity across the
world. As the Sanctified Mother, she remains in the official teachings of the
Catholic Church as “the first dwelling place of God in the salvation history.”

